ON INTEGRITY

Integrity is a shared process.

Integrity is interrelational.

Integrity is contextual.

Integrity is integrating.

Integrity is unscripted.

Integrity is a kind of super-attention.

Integrity is watching for the cracks in what you thought you knew.

Integrity is willingness to learn together.

~ Nora Bateson

Integrity is an important word and concept. It is critically important in spiritual and religious circles. Without integrity there can be no real spiritual growth in an individual or group. You can say that integrity is integral to attaining true fulfillment as a spiritual student.

The revelation that spiritual guru Deepak Chopra is mentioned multiple times in the email files linked to the Jeffrey Epstein case is, at a minimum, disturbing (LINK). A deeper dive into the situation, including how often so-called spiritual celebrities have difficulty maintaining integrity is here (LINK).

“My intent is to be generous of spirit and live with total integrity every day of my life.”
~ Deepak Chopra

“There is no such thing as a minor lapse of integrity.”
~ Tom Peters

I have often considered some spiritual celebrities as conduits to New Thought for many people. Author Wayne Dyer was such a way shower for me, leading me to being open enough to explore the Science of Mind in the 1980’s. I am grateful for that, and for much of the wisdom that Dyer shared over the years, even though he had his own lapses of integrity, including this (LINK).

One of the most disturbing factors of the crimes associated with Jeffrey Epstein and his wide circle of influential friends and clients is the extent to which such horrific behavior went on and was widely known (and therefore condoned). The victims numbered in the hundreds, and almost all were children at the time. The perpetrators number in the dozens, perhaps even the hundreds, and include world and business leaders. What all of this says about our society is worthy of deep reflection.

But our own house in spirituality and religion is far from perfect. The victims of failures of integrity by religious leaders number in the millions. This has been compounded by the repeated failure of those responsible to demand accountability by transgressors. And even when accountability has occurred, the results are often kept confidential allowing the perpetrators to relocate and offend again. Such violations of trust drive people from spiritual communities.

“As long as you have certain desires about how it ought to be you can’t see how it is.”
~ Ram Dass

We in spiritual communities and organizations have an interest in thinking of ourselves as good people, and we have an interest in being spiritual, which often means to be “nice,” no matter what. I have seen spiritual leaders who were toxic (LINK) protected by congregants, boards, and organizations. This was done for reasons including personal loyalty, a desire not to have a scandal revealed, or a sense that accusations must be proven beyond a doubt.

We in New Thought are nice people as a rule. We tend to think that we live in a friendly, even moral, universe and that people are basically good. We often pay a severe price for these beliefs.

“The opposite of reflexive niceness is integrity.”
~ James Hollis, Jungian analyst

Let’s look at these beliefs:

Our universe is not friendly or moral. It is evolutionary and amoral. We exist in our current forms because of violent collisions of planets, stars, and galaxies which allowed more complex elements to be formed and spread over wide distances. We exist in our current forms because of biological evolution, whose processes toward greater complexity and adaptation have resulted in the extinction of over 99% of all the species which have existed on earth. And we know that we are a transitional species, just as all others are; we will either evolve to more complex and well-adapted beings or become extinct as an evolutionary dead-end. Evolution is careless of the individual and of the species by nature.

Morality does not appear in our universe except as a human invention. Other species may and do cooperate, but they do so as a survival mechanism. Humans are capable of moral thought and actions, but it is something which must be learned and reinforced in the social structures around us. It too, is an evolutionary adaptation.

People have the capacity to be good and moral, but any number of things can limit that capacity, sometimes severely. We know scientifically that psychopaths have little or no ability for moral action or regret due to brain injuries, often occurring when in childhood. Research has shown that most psychopaths and sociopaths are incapable of regaining a sense of morality through any known treatments.

Of course, everyone who commits a violation of integrity does not have a physical condition limiting their capacity. In most cases, people simply decide to act out of integrity, usually by using rationalization. Everyone has done something out of integrity; most of us just about every day in some minor or significant way. It is important to remember that such actions are the result of a divided self, a self which is not integral.

Spiritual study and practices are in large part about realizing one’s wholeness, one’s integrity. To be in integrity means to be in your deepest truth. As that truth is realized more and more, it means to refuse to participate in behaviors which are out of integrity. It also means to speak out for integrity and justice and love in every community to which one belongs.

The Beloved Community does not tolerate behaviors which are out of integrity. Therefore, it requires people who are compassionate to fulfill their potential. We cannot be truly compassionate if we are out of integrity in our own lives; our communities cannot be compassionate if members are silent or complicit in behaviors which are out of integrity.

Our spiritual gurus know this yet often fail. We know this yet often fail. Our compassion is the only thing that can lead us to the realization of our true spiritual potential.

“Contradictions, whether personal or social, that could once remain hidden are coming unstoppably to light. It is getting harder to uphold a divided self….The trend toward transparency that is happening on the systems level is also happening in our personal relationships and within ourselves. Invisible inconsistencies, hiding, pretense, and self-deception show themselves as the light of attention turns inward….The exposure and clearing of hidden contradictions brings us to a higher degree of integrity, and frees up prodigious amounts of energy that had been consumed in the maintenance of illusions. What will our society be capable of, when we are no longer wallowing in pretense?”
~ Charles Eisenstein

Copyright 2025 – Jim Lockard

WELL, HERE WE ARE

This past Wednesday was the 7^th Anniversary of the start of this blog. That was 271 posts ago and over 88,000 individual visitors ago. I want to thank my readers, especially the loyal ones who follow the blog regularly. I hope I have added value to your lives and your ministries. But where do we go from here?

“The true purpose of mature religion is to lead you to ever new experiences of your True Self. If religion does not do this, it is junk religion. Every sacrament, every Bible story, every church service, every sermon, every hymn, every bit of priesthood, ministry, or liturgy is for one purpose: to allow you to experience your True Self—who you are in God and who God is in you—and to live a generous life from that Infinite Source.”

~ Richard Rohr

Being in ministry is a tall order, and so is living in the consciousness of ministry in a faithful way. The latter requires no credentials nor employment in the field. The former requires active participation in the latter. Those in ministry as a calling, as a profession, must hold themselves to high standards due to the significance of the trust that those who engage with the ministry will have in them as spiritual leaders and teachers. I have written many times in these pages about how we may fall short, as individuals, as spiritual leaders, as spiritual communities, and as spiritual organizations. It is a high calling with deeply profound levels of accountability. It isn’t for everyone.

The year 2022 is steaming along and, in some ways, it is sort of a replay of 2020 and 2021. Pandemic, climate crises, political and social upheaval, loss of trust in institutions, and more. As some awaken to the degree to which racism, sexism, gender exclusion and marginalization, classism, and religious bigotry have permeated our society, others fight to maintain the status quo, or even go back in time, denying their accountability in these issues, past or present – refusing to even have the conversation. Divisiveness seems to be the energy of the moment. And fear.

And being in spiritual community, as leaders or as members, has become more challenging. The Pandemic drove us to Zoom and we lost the personal contact and connection which is such an important component of spiritual community; it is coming back, but slowly in some places.

Revenues, giving and fees, are down, meaning that buildings are becoming a burden and pay raises to help ministers and other employees keep up with inflation are out of reach for many.

And, we have all experienced illness and loss, directly or indirectly, as a result of the Pandemic or from some other cause. Countless prayer treatments being done and seemingly little to show for them. Are you keeping track of healings in your ministry? Are you spreading the good news, limited though it may be?

There has never been a greater need for self-compassion and kindness in my lifetime. And I am privileged in many ways, as I well know.

Whether we are collectively in a transformational process which will lead to a new era of wisdom and compassion, or whether we are in a breakdown period which leads not to breakthrough but collapse, we do not know. I am taking the position of an “apocaloptimist,” or one who sees that we are in deep trouble on our current course, but I also see great potentials awakening.

There is no magic wand, no savior, no pill to take to make everything okay. Only a collective expression of wisdom and compassion – or at least a willingness to give others the benefit of the doubt – can bring us to a sustainable way forward for humanity. We must decide to love ourselves and each other through this time of stress, no matter how long it takes. Is there another option?

New Thought teachings carry the seeds of the possible and seek to help each of us to create a consciousness through which our true potential can be fully expressed. This requires a deep commitment to spiritual practices, to personal accountability, and to nurturing of compassion for self and others. We do this best in community – The Beloved Community.

Stay engaged with your spiritual community. If you find it uninspiring or lacking in other ways, commit to being a catalyst for change for the better. Cooperate with others to bring out the potentials of one another. Be in support of others and allow others to support you. Commit to live that “generous life from Infinite Source” that Fr. Rohr refers to above. I don’t know another way forward.

As Ram Dass said: “We’re all just walking each other home.”

I will soon be announcing some connection calls where spiritual leaders can work together to create and be The Beloved Community. I will continue the blog. I will do what I can.

Copyright 2022 – Jim Lockard

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT . . .

“This era is one in which old structures are essentially liquifying. As political ideas, socio-economic forms, gender assumptions and cultural habits turn to goo, the impulse is to put new structures in place. But this is not that moment, this is the liquid liminal time. Solids melt.”

~ Nora Bateson on Facebook

My heart is broken. My country is in a downward spiral and things seem to get worse by the day. With all that needs to be done to improve our possibilities, how can so many diligently work to make things worse? How do we come to the collective realization that what we hold dear, including life itself, is in peril? Although we have moved our home to France, our hearts remain with the US. How did we get to this place and how do we move through the turmoil toward our higher potentials?

There is a concept in psychology which has a metaphysical truth within it – the idea that we cannot build anything with true integrity if we begin with a false premise, one lacking in integrity, or one which has outgrown its usefulness. When we do not address our false premises, or we deny them or try to cover them over with polite behaviors, the repressed shadow qualities do not dissolve, they go underground. In the individual they go into the subconscious; in the collective they go into the collective unconscious. In both cases, they remain active as behind-the-scenes players in our subsequent actions and experiences.

If we are to be effective in aiding the unfolding transformation of the United States (and the world) in a positive way, we will need to be spiritually and psychologically healthy as individuals. That means we will need to face the difficult reality which confronts us no matter how painful. We must recognize that the chaos we are experiencing is part of the transformational process – a process which must be guided by wisdom, love, and compassion.

The United States is a nation which was founded on high ideals for their time, but these ideals were largely aspirational, masking oppression and violence toward the Native Americans, the enslaved Africans, and others. These masked aspects became the shadow of the nation, one which has grown over time through wars, corruption, ongoing racism, sexism and religious oppression, and more. Our denial of these masked aspects has pressurized our collective psyche. They are now erupting into nearly every aspect of our national lives. Our national psyche is crying for our attention and healing in the same way that an individual psyche does: by causing disturbance and disruption so that we pay attention.

I will not go through the litany of our ills, which run the gamut from problems in education and healthcare to government conflict and ineptitude to racism to rising authoritarianism driven by fear and more. If the United States were an individual person, they would be erupting with all kinds of physical illnesses and mental and emotional pathologies. In any organic system this is what occurs when the psyche cannot get the attention of the conscious process to facilitate corrective action or healing. The system erupts in dysfunction.

Reactions and responses include calls for greater inclusion and at the same time, calls for greater authoritarianism. Violence erupts physically on our streets and emotionally on social media. There is an increased need for mental and emotional support at a time when there have been decades of funding cuts for those services while insurance coverage has reduced. It seems as if the Perfect Storm is brewing – but will anything be left when it passes?

“Anxiety, heartbreak and tenderness mark the in-between state. It’s the kind of place we usually want to avoid. The challenge is to stay in the middle rather than buy into struggle and complaint. The challenge is to let it soften us rather than make us more rigid and afraid.”

~ Pema Chödron

The surface behaviors we are seeing are symptoms of a deeper process which is demanding transformational change. Ideally, this change will be toward healing, but that is not necessarily the path we will take. Like the addict who is nearing the bottom, we may blindly continue to fall. There are many signs that our collective dysfunctions are expanding and too few of us are recognizing what is happening. Fewer still are willing or able to step up and act to turn our course toward healing.

We are looking at a time of transformational change for humanity. While the United States seems to be a bellwether in the emergence of the disruptive call for transformation, we can see it across the planet. As things heat up, literally and figuratively, we see who is enlarging to take on the challenges and who is regressing into denial and resistance.

Sadly, most of the responses are directed at translational change, not at transformational change. Translational change is like rearranging the furniture; transformational change is rebuilding the house. When the house is on fire, rearranging the furniture is the wrong response. Translational change is an important part of the process, but alone it is inadequate for the demands of the present and the near future.

Nora Bateson writes of the “liquification” of our institutions – most cannot adapt to the increasing complex needs of humanity. If we do not seek to resolve the conflicts and errors of the past which we have buried in our psyches, individual and collective, we will not be fully available to deal with our current challenges. The repressed aspects, the things we hide or pretend to hide from ourselves, take up too much room in our mental/emotional process.

“I have read somewhere of an old Chinese curse: ‘May you be born in an interesting time!’ This is a VERY interesting time: there are no models for ANYTHING that is going on. It is a period of free fall into the future, and each has to make his or her own way. The old models are not working; the new have not yet appeared. In fact, it is we who are even now shaping the new in the shaping of our interesting lives. And that is the whole sense (in mythological terms) of the present challenge: we are the ‘ancestors’ of an age to come, the unwitting generators of its supporting myths, the mythic models that will inspire its lives.”

~ Joseph Campbell, Goddesses: Mysteries of the Feminine Divine

What Campbell described 40 years ago is even more true today, if only because the same process is farther along. We are in a long stretch of liminal space, which is the between phase of transformational change. What used to work doesn’t anymore and we have no one to show us the way. This is why it is so critical to be spiritually sound in times such as this. Those who do not grow and develop in integrity will act out of fear and add to the problems rather than heal them. We are seeing this all around us.

It is time for spiritual warriors to emerge, people with healthy self-concepts and the capacity to envision positive change and work toward it. We are called upon to become psychologically enlarged so that we can express our natural power with love and compassion, but also with strength and resiliency. Those who are in fear will fight those who recognize the need to make difficult sacrifices in lifestyle and perspective which are required if we are to co-create a stable and sustainable humanity and a planet for us to live on. It will take a great deal of mental clarity and emotional and spiritual strength to stay the course toward healing.

These times are going to demand much of us – and we must heal ourselves (seeking appropriate help when needed) so that we are up to the challenge. This is where a vibrant, healthy spiritual community is so essential to us as a support system.

“What I look for in a congregation are companions who wake me up, who challenge me by their very presence to put my nets out into deeper waters, and who have traded respectability for Divine Love. I want to be that kind of presence for others as well.”

~ Bruce Sanguin in THE EMERGING CHURCH

What you can do:

1. Daily spiritual practices – prayer/treatment, affirmations, meditation, journaling, visualizing, etc.
2. Find kindred souls who have the same vision you have for a better society and connect to find positive ways to contribute.
3. Engage your spiritual community and leadership in becoming more active and relevant in creating #aworldthatworksforeveryone.
4. If family members and friends have different worldviews than you do, give them the gift of deeply listening to them. If the atmosphere is or becomes too toxic, give yourself the gift of separation, while holding them in love.
5. Practice self-care – these are difficult times and you need to be rested and fit mentally and physically.
6. Stay informed but take “news breaks” when you feel overwhelmed or in danger of burnout.
7. Write to your elected officials with your vision of what is possible, not with complaints.
8. Remember, as Ram Dass said – “We are all just walking each other home.”

Copyright 2022 – Jim Lockard

Now available at all AMAZON sites worldwide.

ROOT CAUSE: HEALING THE MASCULINE CONSCIOUSNESS, PART 4

“Culture that celebrates the cunning and cleverness of people who win at being predators shouldn’t be surprised they occupy pinnacle positions. Justifying exploitation as normal or necessary was a dead-end game. The future is in the integrity of recognizing interdependence.”

~ Nora Bateson (Twitter)

 

“The experience of the feminine is the psychological key to both the sickness of our time and its healing.”

~ Marion Woodman, Jungian analyst

In Parts 1 (LINK), 2 (LINK), and 3 (LINK) of this series, we have explored a number of aspects of the wounded masculine consciousness. In this post, we will sum up and offer some prescriptive ideas which may lead to healing at the individual and societal level. The dance of masculine and feminine underlies everything in human existence – it is essential to the creative process and to being fulfilled as a human being. This has been known for a long time – and in modernity, we have forgotten many of the basic truths of our nature.

“The I Ching, the Chinese Book of Changes, recognizes the continual shifts that go on within the individual. The Yang power, the creative masculine, moves ahead with steadfast perseverance toward a goal until it becomes too strong, begins to break – and then the Yin, the receptive feminine, enters from below and gradually moves toward the top. Life is a continual attempt to balance these two forces. With growing maturity, the individual is able to avoid the extreme of either polarity, so that the pendulum does not gain too much momentum by swinging too far to the right only to come crashing back to the left in a relentless cycle of action and reaction, inflation and depression. Rather one recognizes that these poles are the domain of the gods, the extremes of black and white. To identify with one or the other can only lead to plunging into its opposite. The ratio is cruelly exact. The further I move into the white radiance on one side, the blacker the energy that is unconsciously constellating behind my back: the more I force myself to perfect my ideal image of myself, the more overflowing toilet bowls I’m going to have in my dreams.”

~ Marion Woodman, Addiction to Perfection, pp. 14-15

 

As noted previously, we tend to raise our children according to firm gender roles and expectations, many of which are so culturally ingrained into us that we are blind to them. As a result, we are conditioned to repress the masculine or feminine energy according to our outer gender appearance by our parents and by society at large. This leads to those “overflowing toilet bowls,” not only in our dreams, but in the society we have created and in the individual lives we lead.

Nothing in this series should be interpreted as a denigration of either “toughness” or warriorship in men or in women. The defense of what is valuable is healthy, and that is what warriors do. What is destructive is aggression and a sense of macho bravado that has nothing to do with defending what is valuable but is about defending one’s insecurity and inauthenticity. Such energy has done damage to countless human lives and to cultures over the years. That is what needs to be healed. The mature spiritual warrior comes to realize that the important battles are all within.

“We have a fear of facing ourselves. That is the obstacle. Experiencing the innermost core of our existence is very embarrassing to a lot of people. A lot of people turn to something that they hope will liberate them without their having to face themselves. That is impossible. We can’t do that. We have to be honest with ourselves. We have to see our gut, our excrement, our most undesirable parts. We have to see them. That is the foundation of warriorship, basically speaking. Whatever is there, we have to face it, we have to look at it, study it, work with it and practice meditation with it.”

~ Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche

There is no single answer as to how to heal the woundedness of the masculine consciousness, nor the wounding to the feminine consciousness which has been a result of the masculine wounding. A beginning step is an awareness of the existence of the wounding – something that some are aware of (some men and probably most women), but not enough to forge meaningful cultural changes to how we parent and teach our children about the masculine and feminine energies.

“Men have been taught to sacrifice their hearts and their lives for the forward movement of civilization. And we have collectively been taught to assume men will not be affected by what the male role requires of them. . .. The definition of a man is to put duty ahead of emotional fulfillment.”

~ Linda Marks, Narcissism And The Male Heart Wound (LINK)

The way these creative energies have been viewed during the development of patriarchal culture over several thousand years has resulted in deeply ingrained biases in almost everyone about gender roles and expectations. “Coming out” is the act of stating that who I am is not within the rigid boundaries of what is culturally accepted as male and female gender roles, or as masculine and feminine consciousness within an individual. The fact that one has to “come out” at all is proof that these rigid beliefs exist, as do the structures and practices which arise from them; and that they reinforce one another. The cultural norms which have resulted in and from patriarchy are seen as a clear path to power, just as much today as two thousand years ago.

“We need to note that patriarchy and masculinity are not synonymous. Female patriarchs can be just as domineering as males. Like their male counterparts, they live in a patriarchal ethos that operates through control over others, over themselves, over nature.”

~ Marion Woodman

“The consequence of the patriarchal male’s haughtiness toward women leads to the inability to make any genuine contact with the Feminine (Anima), i.e., not only in a real woman but also with the Feminine in himself, the unconscious.”

~ Erich Neumann

“Women are taught that they aren’t allowed to be angry, that it’s aggressive, ugly, always unwarranted; so we cry when we’re mad, and we are mocked, diminished, dismissed. There is never a safe way for women to feel rage, yet even in silence we are blamed for saying nothing.”

~ @emrazz on Twitter

Coming to terms with one’s position in the Patriarchy.

The Women’s Movement, the Civil Rights Movement, and the LGBTQA Movements have unfolded within a patriarchal context, often seeking goals similar to those who operate within the accepted frameworks of the patriarchy. The desire for equal employment, equal pay, and for marriage equality, speak to the desire to be allowed to enjoy rights of the while male class which has been atop the patriarchy for centuries. The initial phases of movements by oppressed peoples have, of course, be to gain rights relating to civic and economic life. These are essential rights within a society, but they do not necessarily address the deeper healing which needs to occur.

For a true healing of masculine consciousness to occur, we must go deeper. While laws may govern behaviors, they do not govern beliefs. The continuing efforts to repeal laws of every kind which have been passed in the last 50 years to protect those who have been oppressed show that beliefs have not changed as much as we might wish. The negative reaction among white people to conversations about reparations for slavery is another example. It is not unlike speaking to an active addict about their addiction; the ego-self will lash out, so strong is the denial. We are dealing with largely unconscious accepted biases and beliefs.

Healing begins with an awareness of the issue to be healed, then one must see the value in pursuing any healing process, then one must follow that process. The dynamics for individuals and cultures are somewhat different, because cultures will have a mixture of people at different stages of and openness to the healing process. Until there is sufficient conscious awareness of the problem and its nature, perhaps from a deep loss or trauma, healing will not be undertaken. Shadow integration is a difficult and painful type of healing, requiring a willingness to reveal very uncomfortable truths. The ego structure will resist any approach which threatens to reveal the deeper issues which it is working to deny. Remember, denial is an unconscious process, shadow is unconscious, and the ego seeks to keep them that way.

“Any serious spiritual work brings up the shadow, the rejected parts of your own psyche, which have to be faced and accepted. It’s the process of inner purification. Other spiritual paths may focus on purification through diet or yoga or good living or correcting bad habits. Our particular Sufi path has a very strong psychological element, and the purification is analogous to Jung’s ‘shadow work’ in which the rejected parts of one’s psyche come to the surface to be confronted, loved and accepted. This begins the process of transformation. As Jung said, ‘One does not become enlightened by imagining figures of light, but by making the darkness conscious.’ Then he humorously added, ‘The latter process, however, is disagreeable and therefore not popular.’”

~ Llewellyn Vaughan Lee

Healing can be facilitated in a number of ways. One is by participation in men’s groups (LINK) focused on healing, in the recovery movement (AA, NA, GA, etc.), in therapy, and in spiritual communities where there is a psychological element (as noted in Lee’s quote above). It can also be done alone, but this is the most difficult path, as the ego will resist the kind of deep examination and revelation necessary for true shadow work. It is important to work with someone who has done their own shadow work successfully (which does not mean they have no shadow; it means they have resolved most of the major areas of repression). Things will come into conscious awareness which are difficult to deal with and must be managed in a healthy way.

Starting points might be the books of Robert A. Johnson (LINK), a Jungian therapist with a deep understanding of symbolism and mythology. Also, the work of James Hollis (LINK), another Jungian who writes clearly about these issues. The poetry of Robert Bly (LINK), Coleman Barks (LINK), and David Whyte (LINK) can be a way to reach into one’s symbolic, mythological, and archetypal self. Debbie Ford’s classic book “Dark Side of the Light Chasers” (LINK) is a great primer to the shadow and shadow work.

In our New Thought spiritual communities, we need to take an approach that we are all works in progress, the products of patriarchal culture with conscious and unconscious biases which limit our ability to be authentically masculine or feminine. The healing practices of affirmative prayer and meditation are wonderful and to be encouraged, however, we must recognize that they can also be used as spiritual bypass when deep and uncomfortable issues are not explored.

There is no more important spiritual work than shadow work. Revealing one’s true self is paramount in moving toward a deep realization of spirit within. The path to the realization of spirit is within yourself; shadow block the path of realization. There are trials involved in this deep work; it is a true hero’s journey (LINK). And it requires a willingness to be uncomfortable, which can be difficult in spiritual communities where everyone appearing to be happy and satisfied is valued (and enforced).

It is time to stop dancing around the edges of spiritual awakening. It is time to dive into the painful waters of radical self-exploration and radical truth-telling in a community where compassion forms the essence of co-existence. It is time.

“We’re all just walking each other home.”

~ Ram Dass

In Part 5 of this blog, I will describe to the best of my ability what a healthy masculine expression might look like. I recognize the possible varieties of expression are endless, however, the essential elements would be consistent.

I am deeply appreciative of the responses to this blog series thus far. As always, your comments are appreciated in the comments section below. Please share this blog with others who may be interested.

Copyright 2019 – Jim Lockard